[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":708},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/setting-up-the-k-agent/":3,"navigation-en-us":36,"banner-en-us":455,"footer-en-us":471,"Fernando Diaz":680,"next-steps-en-us":693},{"_path":4,"_dir":5,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"seo":8,"content":16,"config":26,"_id":29,"_type":30,"title":31,"_source":32,"_file":33,"_stem":34,"_extension":35},"/en-us/blog/setting-up-the-k-agent","blog",false,"",{"title":9,"description":10,"ogTitle":9,"ogDescription":10,"noIndex":6,"ogImage":11,"ogUrl":12,"ogSiteName":13,"ogType":14,"canonicalUrls":12,"schema":15},"How to deploy the GitLab Agent for Kubernetes with limited permissions"," Learn how to deploy the GitLab Agent for Kubernetes with Limited Permissions.","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749668655/Blog/Hero%20Images/seabass-creatives-U3m4_cKbUfc-unsplash.jpg","https://about.gitlab.com/blog/setting-up-the-k-agent","https://about.gitlab.com","article","\n                        {\n        \"@context\": \"https://schema.org\",\n        \"@type\": \"Article\",\n        \"headline\": \"How to deploy the GitLab Agent for Kubernetes with limited permissions\",\n        \"author\": [{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Fernando Diaz\"}],\n        \"datePublished\": \"2021-09-10\",\n      }",{"title":9,"description":10,"authors":17,"heroImage":11,"date":19,"body":20,"category":21,"tags":22},[18],"Fernando Diaz","2021-09-10","The [GitLab Agent for Kubernetes\n(`agentk`)](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cluster-integration/gitlab-agent)\nis an active in-cluster component for solving GitLab and Kubernetes\nintegration tasks in a secure and cloud-native way. The `agentk`\ncommunicates to the GitLab Agent Server (KAS) to perform\n[GitOps](https://about.gitlab.com/topics/gitops/) operations.\n\n\nIn many examples, we see the agent being deployed with global-level\npermissions on your Kubernetes cluster. There are use cases where we want to\nreduce the scope of what agentk has access to. In this guide I will provide\ninformation on deploying agentk on your cluster, limiting what namespaces it\ncan access, as well as using it to deploy your applications.\n\n\nPrefer a video? Watch the walkthrough below to learn how to deploy agentk to\nyour cluster:\n\n\n\u003Ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\"\nsrc=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Sr3X5-O9HWA\" title=\"YouTube\nvideo player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay;\nclipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\"\nallowfullscreen>\u003C/iframe>\n\n\n## How it works\n\n\nAnytime a developer performs changes to a manifest file managed within\nGitLab, the agentk will apply these changes to the Kubernetes cluster.\n\n\n![Kagent\nflowchart](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/1.png){:\n.shadow.medium}\n\nHow a change to a manifest file in GitLab is applied to the Kubernetes\ncluster.\n\n{: .note.text-center}\n\n\nThe `agentk` and the KAS use bidirectional streaming to allow the connection\nacceptor (the gRPC server, GitLab Agent Server) to act as a client. The\nconnection acceptor sends requests as gRPC replies.\n\n\n![Bidirectional streaming\nflowchart](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/2.png){:\n.shadow.medium}\n\nHow bidirectional streaming with agentk works.\n\n{: .note.text-center}\n\n\n- GitLab RoR is the main GitLab application. It uses gRPC to talk to kas.\n\n\n- `agentk` is the GitLab Agent for Kubernetes. It keeps a connection\nestablished to a\n\nkas instance, waiting for requests to process. It may also actively send\ninformation\n\nabout things happening in the cluster.\n\n\n- KAS is the GitLab Agent Server, and is responsible for:\n  - Accepting requests from agentk\n  - Authentication of requests from agentk by querying GitLab RoR\n  - Fetching the agent's configuration file from a corresponding Git repository by querying Gitaly\n  - Matching incoming requests from GitLab RoR with existing connections from the right agentk, forwarding requests to it, and forwarding responses back\n  - Polling manifest repositories for GitOps support by communicating with Gitaly\n\n## How to deploy the GitLab Agent\n\n\nIn order to deploy the agent, we require the following:\n\n\n- Kubernetes cluster (I am using Google Kubernetes Engine, or GKE)\n\n- The GitLab project which will hold the agentk configuration and deployment\nmanifest, you can import [Simple Agent\nK](https://gitlab.com/tech-marketing/devsecops/kubernetes-agent/simple-agent-k)\nwhich includes an application and CICD configured\n\n\n**Note:** The agentk configuration file and deployment manifests can be\nlocated in different projects. It just depends how you want to organize the\nGitOps workflow.\n\n\n**1. Create `.gitlab/agent/agent-name/config.yaml` directory in your\nproject** and replace `agent-name` with whatever you want to name your\nagent.\n\n  ```\n  gitops:\n    manifest_projects:\n    - id: \"Your Project ID\"\n      paths:\n      - glob: '/manifests/*.{yaml,yml,json}'\n  ```\n\n  Remember to replace `Your Project ID` with the projectID of your project, seen below:\n\n   ![Replace projectID for your project](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/3.png){: .shadow.medium}\n   Fill in the projectID section with your information.\n   {: .note.text-center}\n\n  **Note:** You can also use the path to the project in GitLab, i.e., mygroup/mysub/myproject.\n\n**2. Create agent record in GitLab**\n\n  A GitLab Rails Agent record is used to associate the cluster with the configuration repository project.\n\n  - Go to **Infrastructure > Kubernetes** tab\n\n   ![Click Kubernetes cluster tab](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/4.png){: .shadow.medium}\n   Click the Kubernetes cluster tab in GitLab.\n   {: .note.text-center}\n\n  - Click on the **GitLab Agent managed clusters** tab\n\n   ![Click GitLab Agent tab](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/5.png){: .shadow.medium}\n   What the GitLab Agent tab looks like\n   {: .note.text-center}\n\n  - Click the **Install a new GitLab Agent** button\n\n   ![Click Install new GitLab Agent button](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/5.png){: .shadow.medium}\n   What the \"Install new GitLab agent\" button looks like.\n   {: .note.text-center}\n\n  - Select your agent\n\n   ![How to select your agent in GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/6.png){: .shadow.medium}\n   How to select your agent in GitLab\n   {: .note.text-center}\n\n  - Save the provided token\n\n   ![How to save your provided token](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/kagent-limited/7.png){: .shadow.medium}\n   Click here to save your provided token.\n   {: .note.text-center}\n\n**3. Open a Terminal window**\n\n\n**4. Scope kubectl to your cluster**\n\n  ```\n  $ gcloud container clusters get-credentials fern-gitops-2 --zone us-central1-c --project group-cs-9b54eb\n\n  Fetching cluster endpoint and auth data.\n  kubeconfig entry generated for fern-gitops-2.\n  ```\n\n**5. Create the namespace for the Kubernetes agent**\n\n  ```\n  $ kubectl create ns gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n\n  namespace/gitlab-kubernetes-agent created\n  ```\n\n**6. Create agent secret**\n\n  This secret is used to store the token needed to configure the agent.\n\n  ```\n  $ kubectl create secret generic -n gitlab-kubernetes-agent gitlab-kubernetes-agent-token --from-literal=token='YOUR_AGENT_TOKEN'\n\n  secret/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-token created\n  ```\n\n**7. Apply the agentk deployment with limited access**\n\n  In this deployment below, we will create the following:\n\n### Namespaces\n\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent**: Where the agent will be deployed\n  - **dude**: A namespace where agentk has permission to deploy\n  - **naww**: A namespace where the agentk has no permissions\n\n### Service accounts\n\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent**: Service account used for running agentk\n\n### Deployments\n\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent**: The actual agentk client application\n\n### Cluster roles and bindings\n\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-cm:** Permission for agentk to write all configmaps on the cluster\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-cm:** Permission for agentk to read all configmaps on the cluster\n\n### Roles and bindings\n\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write**: Permission for agentk to write all resources on gitlab-kubernetes-agent ns\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read**: Permission for agentk to read all resources on gitlab-kubernetes-agent ns\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-dude**: Permission for agentk to write all resources on dude ns\n  - **gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-dude**: Permission for agentk to read all resources on dude ns\n\nThe next step is to create the deployment file `agentk.yaml`:\n\n  ```\n  apiVersion: v1\n  kind: Namespace\n  metadata:\n    name: dude\n  ---\n  apiVersion: v1\n  kind: Namespace\n  metadata:\n    name: naww\n  ---\n  apiVersion: v1\n  kind: ServiceAccount\n  metadata:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  ---\n  apiVersion: apps/v1\n  kind: Deployment\n  metadata:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  spec:\n    replicas: 1\n    selector:\n      matchLabels:\n        app: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    template:\n      metadata:\n        labels:\n          app: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n        namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n      spec:\n        serviceAccountName: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n        containers:\n        - name: agent\n          image: \"registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cluster-integration/gitlab-agent/agentk:stable\"\n          args:\n          - --token-file=/config/token\n          - --kas-address\n          - wss://kas.gitlab.com # for GitLab.com users, use this KAS.\n          volumeMounts:\n          - name: token-volume\n            mountPath: /config\n        volumes:\n        - name: token-volume\n          secret:\n            secretName: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-token\n    strategy:\n      type: RollingUpdate\n      rollingUpdate:\n        maxSurge: 0\n        maxUnavailable: 1\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: ClusterRole\n  metadata:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-cm\n  rules:\n  - resources:\n    - 'configmaps'\n    apiGroups:\n    - ''\n    verbs:\n    - create\n    - update\n    - delete\n    - patch\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: ClusterRoleBinding\n  metadata:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-binding-cm\n  roleRef:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-cm\n    kind: ClusterRole\n    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io\n  subjects:\n  - name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    kind: ServiceAccount\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: ClusterRole\n  metadata:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-cm\n  rules:\n  - resources:\n    - 'configmaps'\n    apiGroups:\n    - ''\n    verbs:\n    - get\n    - list\n    - watch\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: ClusterRoleBinding\n  metadata:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-binding-cm\n  roleRef:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-cm\n    kind: ClusterRole\n    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io\n  subjects:\n  - name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    kind: ServiceAccount\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: Role\n  metadata:\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write\n  rules:\n  - resources:\n    - '*'\n    apiGroups:\n    - '*'\n    verbs:\n    - create\n    - update\n    - delete\n    - patch\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: RoleBinding\n  metadata:\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-binding\n  roleRef:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write\n    kind: Role\n    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io\n  subjects:\n  - name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    kind: ServiceAccount\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: Role\n  metadata:\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read\n  rules:\n  - resources:\n    - '*'\n    apiGroups:\n    - '*'\n    verbs:\n    - get\n    - list\n    - watch\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: RoleBinding\n  metadata:\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-binding\n  roleRef:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read\n    kind: Role\n    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io\n  subjects:\n  - name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    kind: ServiceAccount\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: Role\n  metadata:\n    namespace: dude\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-dude\n  rules:\n  - resources:\n    - '*'\n    apiGroups:\n    - '*'\n    verbs:\n    - create\n    - update\n    - delete\n    - patch\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: RoleBinding\n  metadata:\n    namespace: dude\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-binding-dude\n  roleRef:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-dude\n    kind: Role\n    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io\n  subjects:\n  - name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    kind: ServiceAccount\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: Role\n  metadata:\n    namespace: dude\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-dude\n  rules:\n  - resources:\n    - '*'\n    apiGroups:\n    - '*'\n    verbs:\n    - get\n    - list\n    - watch\n  ---\n  apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1\n  kind: RoleBinding\n  metadata:\n    namespace: dude\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-binding-dude\n  roleRef:\n    name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-dude\n    kind: Role\n    apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io\n  subjects:\n  - name: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n    kind: ServiceAccount\n    namespace: gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n  ```\n\nNow we can apply the deployment with the following command:\n\n  ```\n  $ kubectl apply -f k-agent.yaml\n\n  namespace/dude created\n  namespace/naww created\n  serviceaccount/gitlab-kubernetes-agent created\n  deployment.apps/gitlab-kubernetes-agent created\n  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-cm created\n  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-binding-cm created\n  clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-cm created\n  clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-binding-cm created\n  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write created\n  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-binding created\n  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read created\n  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-binding created\n  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-dude created\n  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-write-binding-dude created\n  role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-dude created\n  rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-read-binding-dude created\n  ```\n\n  **Note:** You see we are giving permissions to the gitlab-kubernetes-agent on the `dude` namespace, but not on the `naww` namespace. Currently, permissions for ConfigMaps are necessary but the scope can be reduced.\n\n**8. Make sure agentk is running**\n\n  ```\n  $ kubectl get pods -n gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n\n  NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE\n  gitlab-agent-58869d96bd-nqqnf   1/1     Running   0          10s\n  ```\n\nNow that the agentk is deployed, it can start managing our Kubernetes\ndeployments.\n\n\n## Managing deployments\n\n\nNow let's go back to the GitLab UI, and add some applications to deploy\nusing GitOps.\n\n\n**1. Open the Web IDE and create a manifest folder in your project root**\n\n\n**2. Add a manifest file for what you want to deploy on the `dude`\nnamespace, name it `dude.yaml`**\n\n  ```\n  apiVersion: apps/v1\n  kind: Deployment\n  metadata:\n    name: nginx-deployment-dude\n    namespace: dude  # Can be any namespace managed by you that the agent has access to.\n  spec:\n    selector:\n      matchLabels:\n        app: nginx\n    replicas: 1\n    template:\n      metadata:\n        labels:\n          app: nginx\n      spec:\n        containers:\n        - name: nginx\n          image: nginx:1.14.2\n          ports:\n          - containerPort: 80\n  ```\n\n**3. Add a manifest file for what you want to deploy on the `naww` namespace\nand name it `naww.yaml`**\n\n  ```\n  apiVersion: apps/v1\n  kind: Deployment\n  metadata:\n    name: nginx-deployment-naww\n    namespace: naww  # Can be any namespace managed by you that the agent has access to.\n  spec:\n    selector:\n      matchLabels:\n        app: nginx\n    replicas: 1\n    template:\n      metadata:\n        labels:\n          app: nginx\n      spec:\n        containers:\n        - name: nginx\n          image: nginx:1.14.2\n          ports:\n          - containerPort: 80\n  ```\n\n**4. Commit changes and wait for the pipeline to run**\n\n\n**5. Check dude namespace**\n\n  ```\n  $ kubectl get pods -n dude\n\n  NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE\n  nginx-deployment-dude-66b6c48dd5-rpxx2   1/1     Running   0          6m22s\n  ```\n\n  Notice that the application has deployed.\n\n**6. Check naww namespace**\n\n  ```\n  $ kubectl get pods -n naww\n\n  No resources found in naww namespace.\n  ```\n\n  Notice there is nothing on there.\n\n**7. Look at the k-agent logs**\n\n  ```\n  $ kubectl get pods -n gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n\n  NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE\n  gitlab-agent-58869d96bd-nqqnf   1/1     Running   0          10s\n\n  $ kubectl logs gitlab-agent-58869d96bd-nqqnf -n gitlab-kubernetes-agent\n\n  {\"level\":\"info\",\"time\":\"2021-08-19T19:17:26.088Z\",\"msg\":\"Feature status change\",\"feature_name\":\"tunnel\",\"feature_status\":true}\n  {\"level\":\"info\",\"time\":\"2021-08-19T19:17:26.088Z\",\"msg\":\"Observability endpoint is up\",\"mod_name\":\"observability\",\"net_network\":\"tcp\",\"net_address\":\"[::]:8080\"}\n  {\"level\":\"info\",\"time\":\"2021-08-19T19:17:26.375Z\",\"msg\":\"Starting synchronization worker\",\"mod_name\":\"gitops\",\"project_id\":\"devsecops/gitops-project\"}\n  ...\n  ```\n\n  You should see logs as follows:\n\n  Application successfully deployed to `dude`\n\n  ```\n  {\"level\":\"info\",\"time\":\"2021-08-20T22:03:57.561Z\",\"msg\":\"Synchronizing objects\",\"mod_name\":\"gitops\",\"project_id\":\"29010173\",\"agent_id\":711,\"commit_id\":\"221499beaf2dcf267cd40324235570001e928817\"}\n  {\"eventType\":\"resourceStatus\",\"group\":\"apps\",\"kind\":\"Deployment\",\"message\":\"Deployment is available. Replicas: 1\",\"name\":\"nginx-deployment-dude\",\"namespace\":\"dude\",\"status\":\"Current\",\"timestamp\":\"2021-08-20T22:03:58Z\",\"type\":\"status\"}\n  ```\n\n  Application failed to deploy to `naww`\n\n  ```\n  {\"eventType\":\"resourceStatus\",\"group\":\"apps\",\"kind\":\"Deployment\",\"message\":\"\",\"name\":\"nginx-deployment-naww\",\"namespace\":\"naww\",\"status\":\"Unknown\",\"timestamp\":\"2021-08-20T22:03:29Z\",\"type\":\"status\"}\n  {\"level\":\"warn\",\"time\":\"2021-08-20T22:03:30.015Z\",\"msg\":\"Synchronization failed\",\"mod_name\":\"gitops\",\"project_id\":\"29010173\",\"agent_id\":711,\"commit_id\":\"221499beaf2dcf267cd40324235570001e928817\",\"error\":\"1 resources failed\"}\n  ```\n\nWe can see that deployments only happen on the `dude` namespace because that\nis all the k-agent has access to. You can add access to other namespaces by\ncreating [Roles and\nRoleBindings](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/)\nfor each namespace like we did for the `dude` namespace.\n\n\n## Securing GitOps workflow on Kubernetes\n\n\nNow you have seen how you can create a more restrictive GitOps workflow,\nallowing you to meet your security needs.\n\n\nThanks for reading! I hope this guide brings you one step forward into using\nand securing your GitOps workflow on Kubernetes. For more information see\nthe [GitLab Agent\ndocumentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/clusters/agent/).\n\n\nPhoto by \u003Ca\nhref=\"https://unsplash.com/@sebbb?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText\">seabass\ncreatives\u003C/a> on \u003Ca\nhref=\"https://unsplash.com/s/photos/limited?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash\u003C/a>\n\n{: .note}\n\n\n## Read more on Kubernetes:\n\n\n- [How to install and use the GitLab Kubernetes\nOperator](/blog/gko-on-ocp/)\n\n\n- [Threat modeling the Kubernetes Agent: from MVC to continuous\nimprovement](/blog/threat-modeling-kubernetes-agent/)\n\n\n- [A new era of Kubernetes integrations on\nGitLab.com](/blog/gitlab-kubernetes-agent-on-gitlab-com/)\n\n\n- [Understand Kubernetes terminology from namespaces to\npods](/blog/kubernetes-terminology/)\n\n\n- [What we learned after a year of GitLab.com on\nKubernetes](/blog/year-of-kubernetes/)\n","devsecops",[23,24,25],"git","GitOps","security",{"slug":27,"featured":6,"template":28},"setting-up-the-k-agent","BlogPost","content:en-us:blog:setting-up-the-k-agent.yml","yaml","Setting Up The K Agent","content","en-us/blog/setting-up-the-k-agent.yml","en-us/blog/setting-up-the-k-agent","yml",{"_path":37,"_dir":38,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"data":39,"_id":451,"_type":30,"title":452,"_source":32,"_file":453,"_stem":454,"_extension":35},"/shared/en-us/main-navigation","en-us",{"logo":40,"freeTrial":45,"sales":50,"login":55,"items":60,"search":392,"minimal":423,"duo":442},{"config":41},{"href":42,"dataGaName":43,"dataGaLocation":44},"/","gitlab logo","header",{"text":46,"config":47},"Get free trial",{"href":48,"dataGaName":49,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_source=about.gitlab.com&glm_content=default-saas-trial/","free trial",{"text":51,"config":52},"Talk to sales",{"href":53,"dataGaName":54,"dataGaLocation":44},"/sales/","sales",{"text":56,"config":57},"Sign in",{"href":58,"dataGaName":59,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://gitlab.com/users/sign_in/","sign in",[61,105,203,208,313,373],{"text":62,"config":63,"cards":65,"footer":88},"Platform",{"dataNavLevelOne":64},"platform",[66,72,80],{"title":62,"description":67,"link":68},"The most comprehensive AI-powered DevSecOps Platform",{"text":69,"config":70},"Explore our Platform",{"href":71,"dataGaName":64,"dataGaLocation":44},"/platform/",{"title":73,"description":74,"link":75},"GitLab Duo (AI)","Build software faster with AI at every stage of development",{"text":76,"config":77},"Meet GitLab Duo",{"href":78,"dataGaName":79,"dataGaLocation":44},"/gitlab-duo/","gitlab duo ai",{"title":81,"description":82,"link":83},"Why GitLab","10 reasons why Enterprises choose GitLab",{"text":84,"config":85},"Learn more",{"href":86,"dataGaName":87,"dataGaLocation":44},"/why-gitlab/","why gitlab",{"title":89,"items":90},"Get started with",[91,96,101],{"text":92,"config":93},"Platform Engineering",{"href":94,"dataGaName":95,"dataGaLocation":44},"/solutions/platform-engineering/","platform engineering",{"text":97,"config":98},"Developer Experience",{"href":99,"dataGaName":100,"dataGaLocation":44},"/developer-experience/","Developer experience",{"text":102,"config":103},"MLOps",{"href":104,"dataGaName":102,"dataGaLocation":44},"/topics/devops/the-role-of-ai-in-devops/",{"text":106,"left":107,"config":108,"link":110,"lists":114,"footer":185},"Product",true,{"dataNavLevelOne":109},"solutions",{"text":111,"config":112},"View all Solutions",{"href":113,"dataGaName":109,"dataGaLocation":44},"/solutions/",[115,140,164],{"title":116,"description":117,"link":118,"items":123},"Automation","CI/CD and automation to accelerate deployment",{"config":119},{"icon":120,"href":121,"dataGaName":122,"dataGaLocation":44},"AutomatedCodeAlt","/solutions/delivery-automation/","automated software delivery",[124,128,132,136],{"text":125,"config":126},"CI/CD",{"href":127,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":125},"/solutions/continuous-integration/",{"text":129,"config":130},"AI-Assisted Development",{"href":78,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":131},"AI assisted development",{"text":133,"config":134},"Source Code Management",{"href":135,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":133},"/solutions/source-code-management/",{"text":137,"config":138},"Automated Software Delivery",{"href":121,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":139},"Automated software delivery",{"title":141,"description":142,"link":143,"items":148},"Security","Deliver code faster without compromising security",{"config":144},{"href":145,"dataGaName":146,"dataGaLocation":44,"icon":147},"/solutions/security-compliance/","security and compliance","ShieldCheckLight",[149,154,159],{"text":150,"config":151},"Application Security Testing",{"href":152,"dataGaName":153,"dataGaLocation":44},"/solutions/application-security-testing/","Application security testing",{"text":155,"config":156},"Software Supply Chain Security",{"href":157,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":158},"/solutions/supply-chain/","Software supply chain security",{"text":160,"config":161},"Software Compliance",{"href":162,"dataGaName":163,"dataGaLocation":44},"/solutions/software-compliance/","software compliance",{"title":165,"link":166,"items":171},"Measurement",{"config":167},{"icon":168,"href":169,"dataGaName":170,"dataGaLocation":44},"DigitalTransformation","/solutions/visibility-measurement/","visibility and measurement",[172,176,180],{"text":173,"config":174},"Visibility & Measurement",{"href":169,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":175},"Visibility and Measurement",{"text":177,"config":178},"Value Stream Management",{"href":179,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":177},"/solutions/value-stream-management/",{"text":181,"config":182},"Analytics & Insights",{"href":183,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":184},"/solutions/analytics-and-insights/","Analytics and insights",{"title":186,"items":187},"GitLab for",[188,193,198],{"text":189,"config":190},"Enterprise",{"href":191,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":192},"/enterprise/","enterprise",{"text":194,"config":195},"Small Business",{"href":196,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":197},"/small-business/","small business",{"text":199,"config":200},"Public Sector",{"href":201,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":202},"/solutions/public-sector/","public sector",{"text":204,"config":205},"Pricing",{"href":206,"dataGaName":207,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataNavLevelOne":207},"/pricing/","pricing",{"text":209,"config":210,"link":212,"lists":216,"feature":300},"Resources",{"dataNavLevelOne":211},"resources",{"text":213,"config":214},"View all resources",{"href":215,"dataGaName":211,"dataGaLocation":44},"/resources/",[217,250,272],{"title":218,"items":219},"Getting started",[220,225,230,235,240,245],{"text":221,"config":222},"Install",{"href":223,"dataGaName":224,"dataGaLocation":44},"/install/","install",{"text":226,"config":227},"Quick start guides",{"href":228,"dataGaName":229,"dataGaLocation":44},"/get-started/","quick setup checklists",{"text":231,"config":232},"Learn",{"href":233,"dataGaLocation":44,"dataGaName":234},"https://university.gitlab.com/","learn",{"text":236,"config":237},"Product documentation",{"href":238,"dataGaName":239,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://docs.gitlab.com/","product documentation",{"text":241,"config":242},"Best practice videos",{"href":243,"dataGaName":244,"dataGaLocation":44},"/getting-started-videos/","best practice videos",{"text":246,"config":247},"Integrations",{"href":248,"dataGaName":249,"dataGaLocation":44},"/integrations/","integrations",{"title":251,"items":252},"Discover",[253,258,262,267],{"text":254,"config":255},"Customer success stories",{"href":256,"dataGaName":257,"dataGaLocation":44},"/customers/","customer success stories",{"text":259,"config":260},"Blog",{"href":261,"dataGaName":5,"dataGaLocation":44},"/blog/",{"text":263,"config":264},"Remote",{"href":265,"dataGaName":266,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/company/culture/all-remote/","remote",{"text":268,"config":269},"TeamOps",{"href":270,"dataGaName":271,"dataGaLocation":44},"/teamops/","teamops",{"title":273,"items":274},"Connect",[275,280,285,290,295],{"text":276,"config":277},"GitLab Services",{"href":278,"dataGaName":279,"dataGaLocation":44},"/services/","services",{"text":281,"config":282},"Community",{"href":283,"dataGaName":284,"dataGaLocation":44},"/community/","community",{"text":286,"config":287},"Forum",{"href":288,"dataGaName":289,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://forum.gitlab.com/","forum",{"text":291,"config":292},"Events",{"href":293,"dataGaName":294,"dataGaLocation":44},"/events/","events",{"text":296,"config":297},"Partners",{"href":298,"dataGaName":299,"dataGaLocation":44},"/partners/","partners",{"backgroundColor":301,"textColor":302,"text":303,"image":304,"link":308},"#2f2a6b","#fff","Insights for the future of software development",{"altText":305,"config":306},"the source promo card",{"src":307},"/images/navigation/the-source-promo-card.svg",{"text":309,"config":310},"Read the latest",{"href":311,"dataGaName":312,"dataGaLocation":44},"/the-source/","the source",{"text":314,"config":315,"lists":317},"Company",{"dataNavLevelOne":316},"company",[318],{"items":319},[320,325,331,333,338,343,348,353,358,363,368],{"text":321,"config":322},"About",{"href":323,"dataGaName":324,"dataGaLocation":44},"/company/","about",{"text":326,"config":327,"footerGa":330},"Jobs",{"href":328,"dataGaName":329,"dataGaLocation":44},"/jobs/","jobs",{"dataGaName":329},{"text":291,"config":332},{"href":293,"dataGaName":294,"dataGaLocation":44},{"text":334,"config":335},"Leadership",{"href":336,"dataGaName":337,"dataGaLocation":44},"/company/team/e-group/","leadership",{"text":339,"config":340},"Team",{"href":341,"dataGaName":342,"dataGaLocation":44},"/company/team/","team",{"text":344,"config":345},"Handbook",{"href":346,"dataGaName":347,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://handbook.gitlab.com/","handbook",{"text":349,"config":350},"Investor relations",{"href":351,"dataGaName":352,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://ir.gitlab.com/","investor relations",{"text":354,"config":355},"Trust Center",{"href":356,"dataGaName":357,"dataGaLocation":44},"/security/","trust center",{"text":359,"config":360},"AI Transparency Center",{"href":361,"dataGaName":362,"dataGaLocation":44},"/ai-transparency-center/","ai transparency center",{"text":364,"config":365},"Newsletter",{"href":366,"dataGaName":367,"dataGaLocation":44},"/company/contact/","newsletter",{"text":369,"config":370},"Press",{"href":371,"dataGaName":372,"dataGaLocation":44},"/press/","press",{"text":374,"config":375,"lists":376},"Contact us",{"dataNavLevelOne":316},[377],{"items":378},[379,382,387],{"text":51,"config":380},{"href":53,"dataGaName":381,"dataGaLocation":44},"talk to sales",{"text":383,"config":384},"Get help",{"href":385,"dataGaName":386,"dataGaLocation":44},"/support/","get help",{"text":388,"config":389},"Customer portal",{"href":390,"dataGaName":391,"dataGaLocation":44},"https://customers.gitlab.com/customers/sign_in/","customer portal",{"close":393,"login":394,"suggestions":401},"Close",{"text":395,"link":396},"To search repositories and projects, login to",{"text":397,"config":398},"gitlab.com",{"href":58,"dataGaName":399,"dataGaLocation":400},"search login","search",{"text":402,"default":403},"Suggestions",[404,406,410,412,416,420],{"text":73,"config":405},{"href":78,"dataGaName":73,"dataGaLocation":400},{"text":407,"config":408},"Code Suggestions (AI)",{"href":409,"dataGaName":407,"dataGaLocation":400},"/solutions/code-suggestions/",{"text":125,"config":411},{"href":127,"dataGaName":125,"dataGaLocation":400},{"text":413,"config":414},"GitLab on AWS",{"href":415,"dataGaName":413,"dataGaLocation":400},"/partners/technology-partners/aws/",{"text":417,"config":418},"GitLab on Google Cloud",{"href":419,"dataGaName":417,"dataGaLocation":400},"/partners/technology-partners/google-cloud-platform/",{"text":421,"config":422},"Why GitLab?",{"href":86,"dataGaName":421,"dataGaLocation":400},{"freeTrial":424,"mobileIcon":429,"desktopIcon":434,"secondaryButton":437},{"text":425,"config":426},"Start free trial",{"href":427,"dataGaName":49,"dataGaLocation":428},"https://gitlab.com/-/trials/new/","nav",{"altText":430,"config":431},"Gitlab Icon",{"src":432,"dataGaName":433,"dataGaLocation":428},"/images/brand/gitlab-logo-tanuki.svg","gitlab icon",{"altText":430,"config":435},{"src":436,"dataGaName":433,"dataGaLocation":428},"/images/brand/gitlab-logo-type.svg",{"text":438,"config":439},"Get Started",{"href":440,"dataGaName":441,"dataGaLocation":428},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_source=about.gitlab.com/compare/gitlab-vs-github/","get started",{"freeTrial":443,"mobileIcon":447,"desktopIcon":449},{"text":444,"config":445},"Learn more about GitLab Duo",{"href":78,"dataGaName":446,"dataGaLocation":428},"gitlab duo",{"altText":430,"config":448},{"src":432,"dataGaName":433,"dataGaLocation":428},{"altText":430,"config":450},{"src":436,"dataGaName":433,"dataGaLocation":428},"content:shared:en-us:main-navigation.yml","Main Navigation","shared/en-us/main-navigation.yml","shared/en-us/main-navigation",{"_path":456,"_dir":38,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"title":457,"button":458,"image":462,"config":466,"_id":468,"_type":30,"_source":32,"_file":469,"_stem":470,"_extension":35},"/shared/en-us/banner","is now in public beta!",{"text":84,"config":459},{"href":460,"dataGaName":461,"dataGaLocation":44},"/gitlab-duo/agent-platform/","duo banner",{"altText":463,"config":464},"GitLab Duo Agent Platform",{"src":465},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1753720689/somrf9zaunk0xlt7ne4x.svg",{"layout":467},"release","content:shared:en-us:banner.yml","shared/en-us/banner.yml","shared/en-us/banner",{"_path":472,"_dir":38,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"data":473,"_id":676,"_type":30,"title":677,"_source":32,"_file":678,"_stem":679,"_extension":35},"/shared/en-us/main-footer",{"text":474,"source":475,"edit":481,"contribute":486,"config":491,"items":496,"minimal":668},"Git is a trademark of Software Freedom Conservancy and our use of 'GitLab' is under license",{"text":476,"config":477},"View page source",{"href":478,"dataGaName":479,"dataGaLocation":480},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/marketing/digital-experience/about-gitlab-com/","page source","footer",{"text":482,"config":483},"Edit this page",{"href":484,"dataGaName":485,"dataGaLocation":480},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/marketing/digital-experience/about-gitlab-com/-/blob/main/content/","web ide",{"text":487,"config":488},"Please contribute",{"href":489,"dataGaName":490,"dataGaLocation":480},"https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/marketing/digital-experience/about-gitlab-com/-/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md/","please contribute",{"twitter":492,"facebook":493,"youtube":494,"linkedin":495},"https://twitter.com/gitlab","https://www.facebook.com/gitlab","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnMGQ8QHMAnVIsI3xJrihhg","https://www.linkedin.com/company/gitlab-com",[497,520,575,604,638],{"title":62,"links":498,"subMenu":503},[499],{"text":500,"config":501},"DevSecOps platform",{"href":71,"dataGaName":502,"dataGaLocation":480},"devsecops platform",[504],{"title":204,"links":505},[506,510,515],{"text":507,"config":508},"View plans",{"href":206,"dataGaName":509,"dataGaLocation":480},"view plans",{"text":511,"config":512},"Why Premium?",{"href":513,"dataGaName":514,"dataGaLocation":480},"/pricing/premium/","why premium",{"text":516,"config":517},"Why Ultimate?",{"href":518,"dataGaName":519,"dataGaLocation":480},"/pricing/ultimate/","why ultimate",{"title":521,"links":522},"Solutions",[523,528,530,532,537,542,546,549,553,557,559,562,565,570],{"text":524,"config":525},"Digital transformation",{"href":526,"dataGaName":527,"dataGaLocation":480},"/topics/digital-transformation/","digital transformation",{"text":150,"config":529},{"href":152,"dataGaName":150,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":139,"config":531},{"href":121,"dataGaName":122,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":533,"config":534},"Agile development",{"href":535,"dataGaName":536,"dataGaLocation":480},"/solutions/agile-delivery/","agile delivery",{"text":538,"config":539},"Cloud transformation",{"href":540,"dataGaName":541,"dataGaLocation":480},"/topics/cloud-native/","cloud transformation",{"text":543,"config":544},"SCM",{"href":135,"dataGaName":545,"dataGaLocation":480},"source code management",{"text":125,"config":547},{"href":127,"dataGaName":548,"dataGaLocation":480},"continuous integration & delivery",{"text":550,"config":551},"Value stream management",{"href":179,"dataGaName":552,"dataGaLocation":480},"value stream management",{"text":24,"config":554},{"href":555,"dataGaName":556,"dataGaLocation":480},"/solutions/gitops/","gitops",{"text":189,"config":558},{"href":191,"dataGaName":192,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":560,"config":561},"Small business",{"href":196,"dataGaName":197,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":563,"config":564},"Public sector",{"href":201,"dataGaName":202,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":566,"config":567},"Education",{"href":568,"dataGaName":569,"dataGaLocation":480},"/solutions/education/","education",{"text":571,"config":572},"Financial services",{"href":573,"dataGaName":574,"dataGaLocation":480},"/solutions/finance/","financial services",{"title":209,"links":576},[577,579,581,583,586,588,590,592,594,596,598,600,602],{"text":221,"config":578},{"href":223,"dataGaName":224,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":226,"config":580},{"href":228,"dataGaName":229,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":231,"config":582},{"href":233,"dataGaName":234,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":236,"config":584},{"href":238,"dataGaName":585,"dataGaLocation":480},"docs",{"text":259,"config":587},{"href":261,"dataGaName":5,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":254,"config":589},{"href":256,"dataGaName":257,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":263,"config":591},{"href":265,"dataGaName":266,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":276,"config":593},{"href":278,"dataGaName":279,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":268,"config":595},{"href":270,"dataGaName":271,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":281,"config":597},{"href":283,"dataGaName":284,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":286,"config":599},{"href":288,"dataGaName":289,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":291,"config":601},{"href":293,"dataGaName":294,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":296,"config":603},{"href":298,"dataGaName":299,"dataGaLocation":480},{"title":314,"links":605},[606,608,610,612,614,616,618,622,627,629,631,633],{"text":321,"config":607},{"href":323,"dataGaName":316,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":326,"config":609},{"href":328,"dataGaName":329,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":334,"config":611},{"href":336,"dataGaName":337,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":339,"config":613},{"href":341,"dataGaName":342,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":344,"config":615},{"href":346,"dataGaName":347,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":349,"config":617},{"href":351,"dataGaName":352,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":619,"config":620},"Sustainability",{"href":621,"dataGaName":619,"dataGaLocation":480},"/sustainability/",{"text":623,"config":624},"Diversity, inclusion and belonging (DIB)",{"href":625,"dataGaName":626,"dataGaLocation":480},"/diversity-inclusion-belonging/","Diversity, inclusion and belonging",{"text":354,"config":628},{"href":356,"dataGaName":357,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":364,"config":630},{"href":366,"dataGaName":367,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":369,"config":632},{"href":371,"dataGaName":372,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":634,"config":635},"Modern Slavery Transparency Statement",{"href":636,"dataGaName":637,"dataGaLocation":480},"https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/legal/modern-slavery-act-transparency-statement/","modern slavery transparency statement",{"title":639,"links":640},"Contact Us",[641,644,646,648,653,658,663],{"text":642,"config":643},"Contact an expert",{"href":53,"dataGaName":54,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":383,"config":645},{"href":385,"dataGaName":386,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":388,"config":647},{"href":390,"dataGaName":391,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":649,"config":650},"Status",{"href":651,"dataGaName":652,"dataGaLocation":480},"https://status.gitlab.com/","status",{"text":654,"config":655},"Terms of use",{"href":656,"dataGaName":657,"dataGaLocation":480},"/terms/","terms of use",{"text":659,"config":660},"Privacy statement",{"href":661,"dataGaName":662,"dataGaLocation":480},"/privacy/","privacy statement",{"text":664,"config":665},"Cookie preferences",{"dataGaName":666,"dataGaLocation":480,"id":667,"isOneTrustButton":107},"cookie preferences","ot-sdk-btn",{"items":669},[670,672,674],{"text":654,"config":671},{"href":656,"dataGaName":657,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":659,"config":673},{"href":661,"dataGaName":662,"dataGaLocation":480},{"text":664,"config":675},{"dataGaName":666,"dataGaLocation":480,"id":667,"isOneTrustButton":107},"content:shared:en-us:main-footer.yml","Main Footer","shared/en-us/main-footer.yml","shared/en-us/main-footer",[681],{"_path":682,"_dir":683,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"content":684,"config":688,"_id":690,"_type":30,"title":18,"_source":32,"_file":691,"_stem":692,"_extension":35},"/en-us/blog/authors/fernando-diaz","authors",{"name":18,"config":685},{"headshot":686,"ctfId":687},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749659556/Blog/Author%20Headshots/fern_diaz.png","fjdiaz",{"template":689},"BlogAuthor","content:en-us:blog:authors:fernando-diaz.yml","en-us/blog/authors/fernando-diaz.yml","en-us/blog/authors/fernando-diaz",{"_path":694,"_dir":38,"_draft":6,"_partial":6,"_locale":7,"header":695,"eyebrow":696,"blurb":697,"button":698,"secondaryButton":702,"_id":704,"_type":30,"title":705,"_source":32,"_file":706,"_stem":707,"_extension":35},"/shared/en-us/next-steps","Start shipping better software faster","50%+ of the Fortune 100 trust GitLab","See what your team can do with the intelligent\n\n\nDevSecOps platform.\n",{"text":46,"config":699},{"href":700,"dataGaName":49,"dataGaLocation":701},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_content=default-saas-trial&glm_source=about.gitlab.com/","feature",{"text":51,"config":703},{"href":53,"dataGaName":54,"dataGaLocation":701},"content:shared:en-us:next-steps.yml","Next Steps","shared/en-us/next-steps.yml","shared/en-us/next-steps",1755803037191]